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The dynamic is bolstering the economic health of the region and keeping the eurozone from slipping too far. In a reversal of fortunes, the laggards have become leaders. Since then, the same countries have worked to mend their finances, attracting investors, reviving growth and exports, and reversing record-high unemployment. Now Germany, Europe’s largest economy, is dragging down the region’s fortunes. It has been struggling to pull itself out of a slump set off by soaring energy prices after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Locations: Southern, Germany, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Southern Europe, Europe’s, Ukraine
Jobs in the state’s auto plants, parts factories and corporate offices shrank by 35% since 1990, according to figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. And those jobs make up only 3.7% of the jobs in the state, roughly half what it was in 1990. Some of the auto jobs disappeared because of automation. “But it is still the cornerstone of the Southeast Michigan economy. The categories understate the importance.”But other segments of the Michigan economy now rival autos.
Persons: , Stellantis, Jeff Kowalsky, Patrick Anderson, “ I’m, ” Anderson, Brian Peters, Peters, ” Peters, Anderson, Bill Pugliano, Gretchen Whitmer, Whitmer, there’s, , Monique Stanton, Stanton, ” Stanton, Matthew Hatcher, Donald Trump, Joe Biden Organizations: New, New York CNN, Republican, Democratic, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Motors, Ford, Fiat Chrysler —, GM, Fiat Chrysler, Getty, Anderson Economic Group, Michigan Center for Data, Michigan Health & Hospital Association, Health, Big, Chrysler, United Auto Workers, General Motors, North, Gov, Census, ICE, Michigan, Michigan League, Public, Missouri Economic Research, Information, Fox News, Democrats, Shoppers, Bloomberg, Washington Post, Monmouth University Locations: New York, Michigan, Mexico, Southern, Edmunds, Dearborn , Michigan, AFP, Southeast Michigan, Lansing , Michigan, North America, Marshall , Michigan, Florida, Texas, Illinois, California, Living, Somerset, Troy , Michigan
What are zombie companies? Japan's "zombie" problem has been around for a long time, said William Pesek, author of the book "Japanization: What the World Can Learn from Japan's Lost Decades." Raising the borrowing cost will put these zombie companies at risk of bankruptcy and bailouts, which could have a broader impact on the economy if there are job losses. "But the aid program has led to an increase in the number of 'zombie' companies that would otherwise have been unable to continue operating," the report added. Japan's stock markets have also been testing new highs since 2023, and higher interest rates could halt the bull run.
Persons: Adam Pretty, William Pesek, we've, Pesek, CNBC's Martin Soong, Warren Buffett's, Warren Buffett, Kazuo Ueda, Ueda Organizations: Getty, Bank of Japan, Tide, Asia Times, Japan Times, CNBC, Nikkei Locations: TOKYO, JAPAN, Roppongi Hills, Tokyo, Japan, Asia
MILAN (AP) — The European Commission on Tuesday announced an in-depth investigation of German airline Lufthansa’s planned takeover of Italian carrier ITA Airways, citing competitive concerns. Lufthansa signed a deal last year for a 41% minority share in the long-struggling ITA Airways, formerly Alitalia. The deal calls for a 325-million-euro ($354 million) investment by Lufthansa, and another 250 million euros ($272 million) from the Italian Finance Ministry. The European Commission cited concerns about reduced competition on short-haul flights between Italy and Central Europe and long-haul routes between Italy and the United States, Canada, Japan and India. ITA Airways and Lufthansa compete on the Central European flights, where low-cost players generally serve secondary airports.
Persons: Gregory Alegi, bailouts, ’ Alegi Organizations: MILAN, European Commission, Lufthansa’s, Italian, ITA Airways, Lufthansa, Alitalia, Italian Finance Ministry, Central, ITA, Air Canada, United, European Union, LUISS University Locations: Italy, Central Europe, United States, Canada, Japan, India, Milan’s Linate
When Nikki Haley was a South Carolina legislator, she backed budgets boosted by federal aid. Now, Haley is running against Trump for the 2024 Republican nomination saying he is an agent of chaos. The daughter of Indian immigrants, she defeated a 30-year legislative veteran in the Republican primary. As governor, Haley had disputes with fellow Republicans that often seemed personal. But she reminds Republican primary voters that the deals were always for non-union shops.
Persons: Nikki Haley, Haley, Donald Trump, , Doug Brannon, , Bill Clinton, Slick Willie ”, Trump, Roe, Wade, I’m, Rob Godfrey, ” Godfrey, ” Haley, Hillary Clinton, Gresham Barrett, Whit Ayres, Barrett, Sarah Palin, ” Ayres, Palin, Mitt Romney, Romney, “ She’s, Kay Koonce, Haley burnished, Godfrey, Godfrey said, Koonce, Barack Obama’s, Obama, Florida Sen, Marco Rubio, Jan, Ayres, Chris Christie’s, ’ ” Ayres, Christie, Haley “, “ Chris Christie, ” Koonce, , Holly Ramer Organizations: Trump, GOP, firebrand, Republican, today's Republican Party, Fox, New York Times, U.S, Rep, Wall Street titans, Gubernatorial, Democratic National Committee, Conservative, House Republicans, Republicans, Florida, Capitol, New, Associated Press Locations: South Carolina, Washington, Charleston, New Hampshire, Columbia, China, New York, Trump, Iowa, New Jersey, Concord , New Hampshire
Marc Andreessen thinks student loan borrowers who received loan forgiveness are akin to companies and banks that got government bailouts rescuing them from bankruptcy. In a two-hour podcast titled "Crisis in Higher Ed & Why Universities Still Matter," published by his firm Andreessen Horowitz, Andreessen took issue with people having some or all of their outstanding student debt erased in actions by the Biden administration. Andreessen Horowitz is a major SVB customer, and the bank also invested billions in the firm's funds. The Biden Administration also had a broader student debt relief plan struck down by the US Supreme Court last year, and it has moved forward with targeted relief programs based on specific borrower criteria. In response to Andreessen's issue with student loan forgiveness, A16z cofounder Ben Horowitz responded with the argument that, although the action provides relief for some, it does not address "the real issue."
Persons: Marc Andreessen, Andreessen Horowitz, Andreessen, Biden, they've, wouldn't, Ben Horowitz, Horowitz, they'll, That's, A16z Organizations: Service, Business, Legal, Bank, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Biden Administration, US
Moody's though retained China's "A1" long-term rating on the country's sovereign bonds, while expecting China annual GDP growth to slow to 4% in 2024 and 2025 and average 3.8% from 2026 to 2030. Structural factors including weak demographics will drive a decline to 3.5% by 2030, it said. China credit default swaps (the cost of insuring against a government default) rose 4 basis points from Monday's closing level, according to Reuters data. Beijing disappointmentChina's Finance Ministry expressed its disappointment with Moody's downgrade decision. "Moody's concerns about China's economic growth prospects and fiscal sustainability are unnecessary," the ministry said in a statement Tuesday.
Persons: Javier Ghersi, Moody's Organizations: China's, Ministry Locations: China, Beijing
[1/2] Former UK finance minister (Chancellor of the Exchequer), Alistair Darling, poses for a photograph in Edinburgh, Scotland, Britain, Aug 31, 2018. REUTERS/Russell Cheyne/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsLONDON, Nov 30 (Reuters) - Former British finance minister Alistair Darling, who steered the country's economy and banking system through the shock of the global financial crisis in 2007-08, has died aged 70 after undergoing treatment for cancer, his family said on Thursday. Darling was named chancellor of the exchequer by former prime minister Gordon Brown in June 2007, just as the crisis was brewing at leading financial institutions. "I never met anyone who didn't like him," Brown's predecessor as prime minister, Tony Blair, said. "Darling's passing is a huge loss to us all," said Britain's present prime minister Rishi Sunak, from the centre-right Conservative party.
Persons: Alistair Darling, Russell Cheyne, Darling, Gordon Brown, Brown, Margaret, Calum, Anna, Tony Blair, Lehman, Rishi Sunak, Muvija, Kate Holton, Andrew Heavens Organizations: REUTERS, Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB, Labour Party, Treasury, Western General Hospital, Loretto School, Aberdeen University, The Guardian, Lehman Brothers, Conservative, Thomson Locations: Edinburgh, Scotland, Britain, British, United Kingdom
The euro zone and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) together lent Greece more than 260 billion euros during its decade-long debt crisis which began in late 2009, in exchange for tough austerity measures. Last year, it paid off the IMF, which provided it with 28 billion euros between 2010 and 2014 - two years ahead of schedule. Euro zone countries lent Greece 53 billion euros in bilateral so-called Greek Loan Facility (GLF) loans during its first bailout, with maturities extending to 2041. With the planned payment this year, Greece will have repaid a total of about 13 billion euros. It has a liquidity buffer of more than 35 billion euros due to higher than expected tax revenues, strong growth and primary surpluses.
Persons: Dado, Lefteris Papadimas, Alexander Smith Organizations: Rights, Reuters, International Monetary Fund, IMF, Loan, Thomson Locations: Greece, bailouts
The government expects economic output to rise 2.9% next year following a 2.4% expansion this year, partly with the help of European Union recovery funds. Investment is seen growing by about 15.1% in 2024 more than double compared with this year. Greece has recently regained investment grade status for its debt attracting investment as its economy strengthens after a decade-long economic crisis. Its strong economic performance is also reflected in higher than expected tax revenues. Athens also expects to raise 5.77 billion euros from state asset sales in 2024, the budget said.
Persons: Costas Baltas, Thanos Petralias, Lefteris Papadimas, Robert Birsel Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Investment, Thomson Locations: Athens, Greece
Here's how Morgan Stanley thinks the stock market will move in 2024, the economic warning signs investors should watch for, and which stocks are best positioned to outperform next year. A stronger stock market in 2024You'd think with the myriad problems stocks are facing right now that the market is in for a difficult year ahead. Wilson believes that earnings growth will accelerate as the year progresses. Morgan StanleyBeyond strong earnings growth for individual companies, Wilson expects that increased spending in a variety of industries will provide fiscal support across the market. Guided by the themes above, Wilson polled Morgan Stanley analysts for their top stock picks heading into 2024.
Persons: Morgan Stanley, Michael Wilson, Morgan Stanley Wilson, Wilson, Jerome Powell Organizations: Business, Reserve, Walmart, Target, Fed, White House Locations: headwinds, bailouts
Switzerland wanted its big banks to be fortresses. In practice, the country’s “too big to fail” banking laws made a sand castle of Credit Suisse. The Swiss rules in question have become an object lesson in the difficulties of designing financial regulation. Created to prevent a repeat of the 2008 financial crisis bailouts, Switzerland’s customized version of international capital requirements laid the groundwork for the biggest bank rescue since.
Organizations: Credit Suisse Locations: Switzerland, Credit, Swiss
Brace for the Wind and Electric-Vehicle Bailouts
  + stars: | 2023-10-30 | by ( Allysia Finley | ) www.wsj.com   time to read: 1 min
Journal Editorial Report: The week’s best and worst from Kim Strassel, Bill McGurn and Dan Henninger. Images: AP/Reuters Composite: Mark KellyFord assured investors last week that its generous deal with the United Auto Workers wouldn’t threaten its profitability. The same can’t be said of its electric vehicles, which lost $3.1 billion during the first nine months of this year. Those losses will doubtless grow, and anyone who thinks Washington won’t give auto makers another bailout should think again. Last week Munich-based Siemens Energy , one of the world’s top wind manufacturers, said the German government is prepared to extend as much as €16 billion (or $16.9 billion) in state guarantees to rescue it.
Persons: Kim Strassel, Bill McGurn, Dan Henninger, Mark Kelly Ford, Washington Organizations: Reuters, United Auto Workers, Siemens Energy Locations: Munich
Britain scraps cap on banker bonuses inherited from EU
  + stars: | 2023-10-24 | by ( Huw Jones | ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +4 min
A general view of the Bank of England in the City of London, Britain, September 25, 2023. REUTERS/Hollie Adams/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsLONDON, Oct 24 (Reuters) - Britain on Tuesday scrapped a decade-old cap on banker bonuses inherited from the European Union, signalling a clear divergence in post-Brexit financial rules from the 27-country bloc it left in 2020. The BoE and Financial Conduct Authority proposed scrapping the cap in a public consultation earlier this year, and its abolition was confirmed in final policy published on Tuesday. The TUC confederation of labour unions said the decision to scrap the bonus cap was "obscene". Law firm Linklaters said scrapping the cap puts Britain back into line with the rest of the world, apart from the EU, but it would continue to apply to staff working at EU banks in London who are regulated under the bloc's rules.
Persons: Hollie Adams, BoE, Suzanne Horne, Paul Hastings, Paul Nowak, Linklaters, David Milliken, Iain Withers, Barbara Lewis, Mark Potter, Jonathan Oatis Organizations: Bank of England, City of, REUTERS, European Union, Financial, Authority, London, Finance, TUC, Britain, Thomson Locations: City, City of London, Britain, EU, London, New York, United States, Asia
Oct 20 (Reuters) - S&P Global is the first among the “big three” rating agencies to upgrade Greece to investment grade since the country’s debt crisis in 2010. The other two agencies, Fitch and Moody's, rate the country one notch below investment grade. DBRS Morningstar upgraded Greece's rating to investment grade BBB (low) last month. Greece expects economic output to rise 3% in 2024 following a 2.3% expansion this year more than twice the eurozone average. It’s trading as investment grade anyway,” Rabobank senior rates strategist Lyn Graham-Taylor told Reuters.
Persons: Fitch, DBRS Morningstar, Lyn Graham, Taylor, Akshita, Harry Robertson, Shailesh Kuber, Marguerita Choy Organizations: Global, BBB, Reuters, Greece's, Rabobank, Thomson Locations: Greece, Bengaluru, Lefteris, Athens
We've reached the end of an era for the Chinese economy. Unless dramatic action is taken, the future of China's economy is looking less like a young dynamo and more like an old, slow-moving blob. A faltering Chinese economy will suppress demand for commodities like oil seeds and grain, hitting US farmers especially hard. For the US economy, China as a workshop is much more important than China as a consumer. Now that China's economic supercycle is over, that may be the cycle we're about to witness.
Persons: We've, Xi Jinping, Lee Miller, it's, Xi's, , Xu Jiayin, Charlene Chu, Chu, Chu —, Victor Shih, Shih, that's, they're, Jinping, Zhang, Miller, It's, they'll, Chinese Communist Party that's, Anne Stevenson, Yang, isn't, Stevenson, Linette Lopez Organizations: Chinese Communist Party, CCP, Trust, Autonomous Research, Bloomberg, Autonomous, Century China Center, University of California, J Capital Research, Japan, Nike, Starbucks, Companies Locations: China, Beijing, Cities, Shanghai, It's, Shenyang, metropolises, Shenzhen, Europe, Wall, , University of California San Diego, Middle Kingdom, Mexico, Vietnam, New York City, United States
The Great China Boom is going bust
  + stars: | 2023-10-15 | by ( Linette Lopez | ) www.businessinsider.com   time to read: +18 min
Unless dramatic action is taken, the future of China's economy is looking less like a young dynamo and more like an old, slow-moving blob. AdvertisementAdvertisementChinese President Xi Jinping has shifted the country's priorities from economic growth to a "technology and national-security race with the US." A faltering Chinese economy will suppress demand for commodities like oil seeds and grain, hitting US farmers especially hard. For the US economy, China as a workshop is much more important than China as a consumer. Now that China's economic supercycle is over, that may be the cycle we're about to witness.
Persons: We've, Xi Jinping, Lee Miller, it's, Xi's, , Xu Jiayin, Charlene Chu, Chu, Chu —, Victor Shih, Shih, that's, they're, Zhang, Beijing's largess, Miller, It's, they'll, Chinese Communist Party that's, Anne Stevenson, Yang, isn't, Stevenson, Linette Lopez Organizations: Chinese Communist Party, CCP, Trust, Autonomous Research, Bloomberg, Autonomous, Century China Center, University of California, J Capital Research, Japan, Nike, Starbucks, WSJ, China, Companies Locations: China, Beijing, Cities, Shanghai, It's, Shenyang, metropolises, Shenzhen, Europe, Wall, , University of California San Diego, Middle Kingdom, Mexico, Vietnam, New York City
If We Had to Be Governed by the Harvard Faculty...
  + stars: | 2023-10-12 | by ( James Freeman | ) www.wsj.com   time to read: 1 min
James Freeman is assistant editor of The Wall Street Journal's editorial page and author of the weekday Best of the Web column. He is the co-author of "Borrowed Time: Two Centuries of Booms, Busts and Bailouts at Citi," recognized as a New York Times Editors' Choice and a Financial Times Business Book of the Month. He is a contributor to the Fox News Channel and a host of "Deep Dive" on Fox Nation. Before joining the Journal in September 2007, James served as investor advocate at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, where he encouraged the transformation of financial reporting technology to benefit individual investors. Follow James on Twitter @FreemanWSJ
Persons: James Freeman, Bailouts, James Organizations: Citi, New York Times, Financial, Fox News Channel, Fox Nation, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, Yale, Twitter
Member of the ECB governing council and Governor of the Bank of Greece, Yannis Stournaras talks during an interview with Reuters in Athens, Greece, October 11, 2023. In the interview, Greece's central bank governor also warned about the risk of stagflation from a prolonged war in the Middle East and spoke against increasing the amount of reserves that banks must hold. He countered calls by some of his colleagues for an early end to the ECB's last surviving bond-buying scheme, saying the central bank may need that firepower in a geopolitical environment fraught with risks. The ECB all but stopped buying bonds last year after a sudden surge in inflation forced it to unwind a decade of stimulus policies. "For the moment I see no reason why we should tighten monetary policy now because increasing the minimum requirements will imply monetary policy tightening," Stournaras said.
Persons: Yannis Stournaras, Louisa Gouliamaki, Rome, ECB policymaker Yannis Stournaras, Stournaras, Francesco Canepa, Mark Potter Organizations: Bank of Greece, Reuters, REUTERS, European Central Bank, ECB policymaker, ECB, Investors, European Commission, Thomson Locations: Athens, Greece, ATHENS, Israel, Palestine, Italy, Rome
The lawsuits against the US Navy and West Point suggest that opponents of affirmative action are serious about eliminating any policy of diversity based on race. It’s not surprising that the US Armed Forces have drawn criticism from affirmative action foes. As the country heads into the presidential election year, more lawsuits invoking the Voting Rights Act are expected to follow. Many Black workers historically used auto jobs to build careers, but advancement opportunities have diminished since the early aughts. “But the decline in US auto jobs and the erosion of unions have hit Black workers hardest,” he wrote.
Persons: CNN —, , ” SFFA, It’s, Henry C, Harris , Jr, Rogers H, Beardon, Frank Frederick Doughton, Elmer B, Edward Blum, Blum, Alabama’s, , Blum —, Holder, Shelby, you’ve, CNN’s Nathaniel Meyersohn, Evelyn Hockstein, Reuters Meyersohn, , John Blake Organizations: CNN, US Naval Academy, Harvard, University of North, Fair, US Military Academy, West, US Navy, US Armed Forces, Defense Department, Black US Army, Military, Fort, US Supreme, Republican, Alabama’s GOP, UAW, United Auto Workers, Detroit’s Big, Reuters Locations: University of North Carolina, America, Fort Benning, Georgia, Alabama, Florida , Louisiana, County, Detroit, Belleville , Michigan
The Totalitarian Heart of Hillary Clinton
  + stars: | 2023-10-07 | by ( James Freeman | ) www.wsj.com   time to read: 1 min
James Freeman is assistant editor of The Wall Street Journal's editorial page and author of the weekday Best of the Web column. He is the co-author of "Borrowed Time: Two Centuries of Booms, Busts and Bailouts at Citi," recognized as a New York Times Editors' Choice and a Financial Times Business Book of the Month. He is a contributor to the Fox News Channel and a host of "Deep Dive" on Fox Nation. Before joining the Journal in September 2007, James served as investor advocate at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, where he encouraged the transformation of financial reporting technology to benefit individual investors. Follow James on Twitter @FreemanWSJ
Persons: James Freeman, Bailouts, James Organizations: Citi, New York Times, Financial, Fox News Channel, Fox Nation, U.S . Securities, Exchange Commission, Yale, Twitter
The percentage of Black workers in the auto industry today is more than double their share of the workforce overall. But the decline in US auto jobs and the erosion of unions have hit Black workers hardest. Black workers are likelier to belong to unions, in any industry, compared to White and Hispanic workers. Black union workers earn on average 16.4% higher wages than non-union Black workers, and they are likelier to have health care and retirement benefits, studies show. Hard-won gains disappearSoon after Black auto workers broke into better paying jobs, the US auto industry began its long decline, decimating Black communities in particular.
Persons: Lynda Jackson’s, Jackson, ” Jackson, ” Lynda Jackson, Lynda S, Emily Elconin, , Tiffanie Simmons, Simmons, Steven Pitts, Luke Sharrett, Tesla, , ” Pitts, Jim Crow, Henry Ford, Nelson Lichtenstein, “ Walter Reuther, Ford, Irving Haberman, Kevin Boyle, Boyle, Philip Randolph, Randolph, Franklin Roosevelt, Walter Reuther, , James Meredith, Martin Luther King, Jr, Roy Wilkins, Phillip Randolph, Walther Reuther, Martin Luther King Jr, Reuther, ” Boyle, Spencer Platt, Josh Bivens, Biden, Erica Smiley, ” Smiley Organizations: New, New York CNN, Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, United Auto Workers, UAW, Detroit’s, Processing, Bloomberg, Getty, Ford Motor, Economic Policy Institute, UC Berkeley Labor Center ., Tesla, Ku Klux Klan, University of California, America, Northwestern University, Jobs, Walther Reuther . Express, Hulton, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, The League, Revolutionary Black Workers, Black, Economic, Institute, P Global Market Intelligence, Justice Locations: New York, Alabama, Detroit, America, Ypsilanti , Michigan, Wayne , Michigan, Detroit , Michigan, White, Fremont , California, . Mississippi, sharecropping, Chicago , New York, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, AFP, Santa Barbara, Ford's, Rouge, Dearborn , Michigan, Washington, Birmingham, Selma, Black, Flint, Midwest, autoworkers
Share Share Article via Facebook Share Article via Twitter Share Article via LinkedIn Share Article via EmailChina may have to give bailouts if Evergrande goes down, says China expert Dennis UnkovicDennis Unkovic, partner at Meyer, Unkovic & Scott, joins 'Power Lunch' to discuss China's Evergrande's tumbling stocks, the implications for the broader Asian real estate market, and more.
Persons: Evergrande, Dennis Unkovic Dennis Unkovic, Meyer, Unkovic, Scott Organizations: China Locations: China
Paris Skouros pointed toward the sky outside his office in Athens on a recent weekday. Greece’s financial crisis almost ruined his firm, Skouros & Sons, an elevator company. Years of harsh austerity measures imposed by international bailouts had been wrenching, Mr. Skouros said, as new construction ground to a standstill. “During the crisis, we just wanted to survive,” Mr. Skouros said, as the sound of hammers hitting sheet metal rang out in his workshop. “Now we’re profitable, and business is so strong that we can’t find enough workers to keep up with demand.”Laden with debt it couldn’t pay back, Greece nearly broke the eurozone a decade ago.
Persons: Paris, bailouts, Skouros, Mr Organizations: Skouros Locations: Athens, , Greece
New York CNN —The United Auto Workers union is expanding its strike against GM and Stellantis but said that progress in negotiations with Ford means it won’t expand the number of Ford workers on the picket lines. “At noon Eastern today, all parts distributions centers at General Motors and Stellantis will be on strike,” he said. Still the announcement of progress at Ford raised hopes that the strike, at least at there, could be brought to a relatively quick end. But the UAW’s expanded strike is now targeting the parts distribution centers for GM and Stellantis. As of 10:30 am ET, Stellantis (STLA) is up 0.98%; Ford (F) is up 3.57%; and GM (GM) is up 0.7%.
Persons: Shawn Fain, , , Fain, “ Ford, ” Ford, Ford, Bill Pugliano, ” Shawn Fain, Tesla Organizations: New, New York CNN, United Auto Workers, GM, Ford, UAW, General Motors, Ford Michigan Assembly Plant, Stellantis, Jeep, Dodge, Chrysler, Big, Facebook, UAW International Union Locations: New York, Wayne , Michigan, Wentzville , Missouri, Toledo –, North America, Virginia, California, America, Auburn Hills , Michigan
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